References

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Controversy around the Prioritization of Life:

• When a crash is unavoidable, the AI must make split-second decisions about whose lives it should prioritize.
• Just like the question "would you pull a lever to save five people but deliberately harm one?", software engineers now have to write code for these scenarios.
  • Different national cultures might have different views on what's right and acceptable:
• AI systems should be designed to apply reasoning consistently and transparently:

Contradictory Responsibilities Regarding Testing:

• Real-world testing creates a risk of causing unnecessary inconvenience or harm to pedestrians and other road users.
• Simulated environments are unlikely, in their current state, to be a reliable predictor on their own.
• The need to pursue adequate testing contradicts with the expectation to minimize practical risk on the road. What comes first? Adequate testing - or demonstration?

1. Job Displacement Ethics:
   • Professional drivers across numerous sectors are threatened by severe financial disruption:
   • Money and support services are needed to transition them to a new era:
   • There will be emerging opportunities in the autonomous vehicle industries:

Shifting Control and Accountability

• These cars often collect enough data every day to fill up about 800 DVDs - including where you go and when. This is sensitive information.
• If a self-driving car has an accident, who is responsible? The owner, the manufacturer, or the software developer?

Due Care in Civil Engineering:

• Safety and Reliability - The existing infrastructure needs to be compatible with autonomous vehicles to ensure safe operation
• Public Resource Allocation - Decisions about upgrading or modifying current infrastructure raise questions about fair distribution of public resources
• Accessibility - Infrastructure compatibility issues could impact which communities can benefit from self-driving technology
• Pollution Reduction and Efficiency - Driverless cars could potentially reduce traffic congestion and journey times by coordinating their actions, increasing fuel efficiency and cutting the environmental impacts of travel
  • This should be balanced with caution, with the environmental drawbacks of increased cars on the road, if more people are switching from shared transportation (buses, trains), and pollution-free alternatives (bicycles, walking)
• Reclaimed Land - fewer areas need to be reserved for parking if driverless cars are always on the go, so these spaces could be converted to green spaces or housing.

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